WEBVTT

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Hello. My name is Heather Holmes.

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Today, I am moderating a discussion

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about captioning literacy.

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The first question is:

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please introduce yourself,

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your name, your position,

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and which department you're from.

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Hello, my name is Rian Gayle.

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I'm the Accommodations Coordinator

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here at Western Oregon University.

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I'm from Jamaica.

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Hello, my name is

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Denise Threw Hackett.

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I'm an Assistant Professor

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in Mental Health and Rehabilitation

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Counseling Program here at WOU.

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Hello, my name is Kara Gournaris.

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I'm an ASL instructor

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in the ASL studies program.

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I'm from Kansas City.

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Hello, hello!

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My name is Patrick Graham.

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I'm the coordinator

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of the Deaf Education Studies Program

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here at Western Oregon University.

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When you look back, can you remember

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the first time you used captioning?

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The first time I used captioning,

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I remember when my father

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brought home that big brown box

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and set it on top of the TV.

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I was wondering what that box was.

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I was five at the time

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and I was thinking,

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We already had a VCR.

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My father connected

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the box to the TV,

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and that was the first time

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I watched Sesame Street

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with captioning.

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I watched it before; it was funny;

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the characters moved around a lot.

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I had words

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That was the first time

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to go along with

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all of that movement.

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It was incredible.

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and have used it ever since.

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I watched that show

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All of my family is Deaf.

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Growing up, my family used ASL,

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and my parents

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set everything up for us.

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we grew up using captions.

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I have two brothers, and really

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There were a few TV programs

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and cartoons we watched

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but in general,

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that did not have captions,

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most of what we watched

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was  captioned.

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I grew up in Vancouver, BC.

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I remember

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when I was around seven or eight,

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that Patrick talked about.

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my father brought home the same box

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on the TV and hooked it up.

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It was a brown box. He set it

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I remember the first show

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I watched with captions;

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it was "Three's Company."

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Some people think that show was not

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appropriate for young children,

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but it had closed captioning

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and I watched it every day.

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The news had some captioning

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when the newscaster would be

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sitting in the arch,

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but no captioning

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on a live report.

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I watched "Three's Company"

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for years.

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That was my first memory

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of using captioning.

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Wow, that was a long time ago.

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I do remember, I was young

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but I don't remember how old I was.

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I was visiting a friend's house.

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I was shocked they had captioning

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on a cartoon I love

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called "Thundercats."

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I watched it and I was in awe

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that I could now understand

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what they are saying! I was hooked!

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Unfortunately, they moved.

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I didn't see it again

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with captioning

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until the cable company

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developed captioning

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and it started showing in Jamaica

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because we were behind,

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and for a very long time

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there was no captioning available.

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That was my first memory

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of captioning.

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Today, there are many movies

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and TV programs with captioning.

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I'm curious, how do you find

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TV programs and movies

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with good captioning?

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It takes a lot of time

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and preparation

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to ensure the materials I use

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have captions.

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Before using materials for class

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or one-on-one with a student,

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I have to check the link

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to be sure the video is captioned.

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It's not easy.

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I haven't found one place

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that has a list

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of all captioned materials available

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that I could quickly pick from.

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It takes a lot of time and preparation

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to find captioned material.

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I have to check everything

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to find out if it's captioned.

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It's a hassle!

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It's exactly what Kara said.

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It takes more time

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to search for captioned materials.

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Recently,

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I was trying to pick a textbook

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for counseling therapy

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for the upcoming fall term.

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The book had a DVD

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in the back of it.

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I had to insert it

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into the DVD player

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to check and see

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if it had captions.

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It didn't have it -- nothing!

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There wasn't a transcript.

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Now, I have been trying

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to make contact with the publisher

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for the past two weeks.

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It is now time to decide

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to use that book

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or look for another one.

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It's sometimes frustrating.

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Speaking of going out

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to the movie theater,

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I will look online

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and sometimes it will tell me

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if the movie has captioning.

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That's great! If there is none,

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then I don't go.

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I also keep in mind

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that even though there is

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no mention of captioning online,

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there might be captioning,

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so I call them through VP

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sometimes to make sure.

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Sometimes online movies

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say they have captioning,

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but I still check

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because it says it's automatic.

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They try to use

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a voice recognition program,

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and that means there will be

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a lot of mistakes in the captioning.

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Then it's not worth it to watch.

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If captions are added manually,

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that's perfect.

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Sometimes I have to watch the movie

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for a few minutes

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if it has good captions.

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to figure out

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with the other panelists.

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I would agree

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And to add

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to what Rian recently said

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about going to the movies:

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when I was growing up,

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we would go to the theater

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or open captions.

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to see if the movie had captioning

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Darn, sometimes

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they would not have captions.

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for that one movie

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Sometimes I have to settle

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that has open captions,

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that you put on.

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or maybe it has caption glasses

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Maybe they were broken

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or didn't fit right.

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And also, I remember watching TV.

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Most people can relax,

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flip through the channels

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and watch TV with popcorn

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and listen to the show.

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But I have to watch a channel

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and then wait for like five minutes

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and watch and wait until people

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start talking with each other.

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I'm watching and it's obvious

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there is no captioning.

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Clearly, they are talking

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with each other

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and I can't watch that TV show.

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That's sometimes a bummer,

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because it looks very interesting.

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That TV show is interesting

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but I don't know the storyline.

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I have to change the channel.

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That happens to me often.

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I don't like doing that

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but I have to.

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You have all made

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really great points

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that lead me to my next question.

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I'm curious,

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what other issues have you faced

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or challenges have you experienced

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with captioning quality?

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Explain your answer.

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The one thing that comes up for me

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quite often is when I'm flying.

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They have the TV in the aisles

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that come down

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on the seat in front of you.

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or the TV

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in the aisle, I'm stuck,

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If the program is on the TV

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as I can't change the channel.

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It's annoying,

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and right there in front of me.

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I can watch but I can't follow

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what is being said.

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in the seat in front of me,

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If it's the TV

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I can change the channel

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until I find a foreign film;

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they are good with subtitles.

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I can search through movies

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that way and find something.

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without captioning,

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There are so many movies

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and it's frustrating.

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YouTube is another example.

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Some of their programs

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have automatic captions,

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and the words don't match

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what's being said on screen,

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so that's frustrating.

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There are many other examples.

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I have two frustrations.

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Sometimes,

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I watch a video on a website.

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I don't know

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if it has captions or not.

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I try to find out, and they say

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you have to click this or that

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to get the the captions to work.

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I think people

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should add something on the video

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to say if it's captioned or not.

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When I look at the videos

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on some sites,

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there's nothing there

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letting me know if it has captions.

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It would be nice to have

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some kind of warning online,

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or something set up.

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I think they make everything

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in audio

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because they assume

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everyone uses audio.

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If you want to make it fair

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and accessible to everyone

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then take off the audio.

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Make it fair to everyone

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to have to look for audio

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and closed captioning.

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The second thing is

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that when I watch TV during the day,

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there is captioning,

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but it's not good quality.

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It's not good enough.

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There are words missing,

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or they make up words

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or they are unintelligible.

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The captions are missing,

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and then a minute later they pop up

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and it's moving very rapidly

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as they are trying to catch up

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and it's hard to read.

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It needs to be on time

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with the show.

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Those are the two

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biggest challenges.

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Often when I stay at a hotel,

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I struggle with the caption feature

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on the TV.

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After searching

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through menus and channels,

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I have to call down to the front desk

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to ask for assistance.

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It feels like we've gone back

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to the days

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when they first made TVs

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with built-in captions.

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It used to be that TVs were sold

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without built-in captions,

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and they required a special box.

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When they started selling TVs

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with captions,

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we had to be careful

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that we were purchasing one

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that had built-in captions!

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Now it's the 21st Century

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and I still have to wonder

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if the TV has captioning

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because it oftentimes doesn't work.

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I can't really enjoy my evening

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at a hotel.

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It's funny,

00:11:03.000 --> 00:11:07.000
to add to what you said, Kara,

00:11:07.000 --> 00:11:13.000
the TV industry says they make TVs

00:11:07.000 --> 00:11:13.000
to be more accessible.

00:11:13.000 --> 00:11:16.000
However,

00:11:13.000 --> 00:11:16.000
how is it more accessible

00:11:16.000 --> 00:11:20.000
when you have to find

00:11:16.000 --> 00:11:20.000
where the captioning is?

00:11:20.000 --> 00:11:23.000
You have to go through so many steps

00:11:20.000 --> 00:11:23.000
to find the captioning!

00:11:23.000 --> 00:11:29.000
Then you have to remember,

00:11:23.000 --> 00:11:29.000
do I have the captioning on cable

00:11:29.000 --> 00:11:32.000
or on the TV, or does it come

00:11:29.000 --> 00:11:32.000
through the satellite,

00:11:32.000 --> 00:11:34.000
and will everything synch up

00:11:32.000 --> 00:11:34.000
to work?

00:11:34.000 --> 00:11:38.000
It's rocket science

00:11:34.000 --> 00:11:38.000
to get one caption to work.

00:11:38.000 --> 00:11:44.000
For me, I often tell my friends

00:11:38.000 --> 00:11:44.000
I love to watch TV in the UK

00:11:44.000 --> 00:11:48.000
because they have captioning

00:11:44.000 --> 00:11:48.000
in different colors.

00:11:48.000 --> 00:11:51.000
The colors represent different people

00:11:48.000 --> 00:11:51.000
talking to each other.

00:11:51.000 --> 00:11:55.000
For example,

00:11:51.000 --> 00:11:55.000
if I was talking with you, Kara,

00:11:55.000 --> 00:11:57.000
my color would be blue and

00:11:55.000 --> 00:11:57.000
your captions would be yellow.

00:11:57.000 --> 00:11:60.000
Then it's easy

00:11:57.000 --> 00:11:60.000
to discern turn-taking.

00:12:00.000 --> 00:12:03.000
I like that so I know

00:12:00.000 --> 00:12:03.000
who's talking with each other,

00:12:03.000 --> 00:12:06.000
who's talking.

00:12:03.000 --> 00:12:06.000
instead of trying to figure out

00:12:06.000 --> 00:12:07.000
Here, the captioning tends to be

00:12:07.000 --> 00:12:11.000
for everyone.

00:12:07.000 --> 00:12:11.000
white with a black background

00:12:11.000 --> 00:12:15.000
I don't know who's saying what.

00:12:11.000 --> 00:12:15.000
If people are taking turns talking,

00:12:15.000 --> 00:12:17.000
at who is talking,

00:12:15.000 --> 00:12:17.000
The camera may not be directed

00:12:17.000 --> 00:12:19.000
off-camera.

00:12:17.000 --> 00:12:19.000
but they are still talking

00:12:19.000 --> 00:12:21.000
I still don't know

00:12:19.000 --> 00:12:21.000
who's talking to who.

00:12:21.000 --> 00:12:23.000
I have to make an educated guess:

00:12:23.000 --> 00:12:25.000
the doctor is saying that."

00:12:25.000 --> 00:12:29.000
who don't know about roles yet.

00:12:25.000 --> 00:12:29.000
I wonder about kids

00:12:29.000 --> 00:12:32.000
The kids may assume

00:12:29.000 --> 00:12:32.000
that the parents said something

00:12:32.000 --> 00:12:35.000
when really the doctor said that.

00:12:32.000 --> 00:12:35.000
It's really interesting.

00:12:35.000 --> 00:12:37.000
I like different colors.

00:12:37.000 --> 00:12:40.000
I feel like the UK

00:12:37.000 --> 00:12:40.000
is ahead of us with captioning.

00:12:40.000 --> 00:12:43.000
all use different colors.

00:12:40.000 --> 00:12:43.000
The UK, Scotland, and Ireland

00:12:46.000 --> 00:12:50.000
Once you have

00:12:46.000 --> 00:12:50.000
the captioning turned on,

00:12:50.000 --> 00:12:55.000
how do you know

00:12:50.000 --> 00:12:55.000
if the captioning is good quality?

00:12:56.000 --> 00:12:59.000
That's a very good question.

00:12:59.000 --> 00:12:64.000
if it's good quality?

00:12:59.000 --> 00:12:64.000
How do we know

00:13:04.000 --> 00:13:08.000
Really, we don't.

00:13:04.000 --> 00:13:08.000
Sometimes I lip read on TV.

00:13:08.000 --> 00:13:13.000
Sometimes the captioning doesn't

00:13:08.000 --> 00:13:13.000
follow along with the storyline,

00:13:13.000 --> 00:13:16.000
or looks off, or it lags

00:13:13.000 --> 00:13:16.000
and it doesn't make sense

00:13:16.000 --> 00:13:19.000
with what they're doing on TV

00:13:16.000 --> 00:13:19.000
or the action.

00:13:19.000 --> 00:13:26.000
For the most part, I'm at the mercy

00:13:19.000 --> 00:13:26.000
of the person doing the captioning.

00:13:26.000 --> 00:13:30.000
They have the power to influence

00:13:26.000 --> 00:13:30.000
my television-watching experience.

00:13:33.000 --> 00:13:37.000
Interesting.

00:13:33.000 --> 00:13:37.000
I'm thinking about what you said

00:13:37.000 --> 00:13:39.000
in terms of captioning

00:13:37.000 --> 00:13:39.000
being time coded correctly.

00:13:39.000 --> 00:13:44.000
I often experience incongruities

00:13:39.000 --> 00:13:44.000
when watching captions.

00:13:44.000 --> 00:13:51.000
I think about

00:13:44.000 --> 00:13:51.000
American Sign Language morphemes.

00:13:51.000 --> 00:13:54.000
When the signs and facial expressions

00:13:51.000 --> 00:13:54.000
don't match up,

00:13:54.000 --> 00:13:57.000
it seems like something is off.

00:13:54.000 --> 00:13:57.000
It's the same with captions --

00:13:57.000 --> 00:13:60.000
they have to match

00:13:57.000 --> 00:13:60.000
what's being spoken

00:14:00.000 --> 00:14:02.000
to match the speaker.

00:14:00.000 --> 00:14:02.000
and be time coded

00:14:02.000 --> 00:14:04.000
It has to be smooth.

00:14:04.000 --> 00:14:05.000
I agree with you.

00:14:12.000 --> 00:14:15.000
There have been a few situations

00:14:15.000 --> 00:14:18.000
is a challenge.

00:14:15.000 --> 00:14:18.000
where the quality of the captions

00:14:18.000 --> 00:14:20.000
that have been mentioned.

00:14:18.000 --> 00:14:20.000
I have had similar experiences

00:14:20.000 --> 00:14:24.000
I lip read

00:14:20.000 --> 00:14:24.000
and the stories do not add up.

00:14:24.000 --> 00:14:30.000
and the captions are delayed

00:14:24.000 --> 00:14:30.000
Sometimes the plot

00:14:30.000 --> 00:14:33.000
and I have to memorize

00:14:30.000 --> 00:14:33.000
the storyline

00:14:33.000 --> 00:14:35.000
with the delayed plot.

00:14:33.000 --> 00:14:35.000
and then match it

00:14:35.000 --> 00:14:37.000
The timing is way off.

00:14:37.000 --> 00:14:43.000
Sometimes the number of words

00:14:37.000 --> 00:14:43.000
per line on the caption is off.

00:14:43.000 --> 00:14:45.000
and then a shorter caption

00:14:43.000 --> 00:14:45.000
It's a longer caption

00:14:45.000 --> 00:14:47.000
alternately each line.

00:14:47.000 --> 00:14:49.000
can move too fast to read.

00:14:47.000 --> 00:14:49.000
This captions

00:14:49.000 --> 00:14:51.000
When this happens,

00:14:49.000 --> 00:14:51.000
it is hard to watch the show

00:14:51.000 --> 00:14:53.000
on the bottom, back and forth.

00:14:51.000 --> 00:14:53.000
and then the captions

00:14:53.000 --> 00:14:55.000
I can't focus on both

00:14:53.000 --> 00:14:55.000
at the same time with this issue.

00:14:55.000 --> 00:14:58.000
I like to see it all integrated.

00:14:58.000 --> 00:14:59.000
In Canada,

00:14:59.000 --> 00:14:64.000
is better than here.

00:14:59.000 --> 00:14:64.000
I find their captioning quality

00:15:04.000 --> 00:15:07.000
There are fewer spelling errors

00:15:04.000 --> 00:15:07.000
and balanced words per line.

00:15:07.000 --> 00:15:11.000
It's better quality. Not perfect though.

00:15:07.000 --> 00:15:11.000
It's better than here.

00:15:11.000 --> 00:15:13.000
I remember the quality of captions

00:15:11.000 --> 00:15:13.000
in the past was pretty good,

00:15:13.000 --> 00:15:15.000
and it seems the quality

00:15:13.000 --> 00:15:15.000
of the captioning has decreased.

00:15:15.000 --> 00:15:21.000
I wonder why that has happened

00:15:15.000 --> 00:15:21.000
and I'm concerned about that.

00:15:22.000 --> 00:15:25.000
For me, it's two things.

00:15:25.000 --> 00:15:28.000
First, the visual quality.

00:15:28.000 --> 00:15:31.000
Sometimes the background color

00:15:28.000 --> 00:15:31.000
of the captions

00:15:31.000 --> 00:15:35.000
gets lost in the background color

00:15:31.000 --> 00:15:35.000
of the program.

00:15:35.000 --> 00:15:40.000
If there's white on white,

00:15:35.000 --> 00:15:40.000
it's tough to see.

00:15:40.000 --> 00:15:43.000
If there's a black background

00:15:40.000 --> 00:15:43.000
and white captioning,

00:15:43.000 --> 00:15:46.000
then it's easier to see.

00:15:46.000 --> 00:15:50.000
Secondly, I noticed sometimes

00:15:46.000 --> 00:15:50.000
that when a person is speaking

00:15:50.000 --> 00:15:53.000
and I checked if it matched

00:15:50.000 --> 00:15:53.000
the captions, like Patrick said before,

00:15:53.000 --> 00:15:57.000
it doesn't match

00:15:53.000 --> 00:15:57.000
and some things are eliminated.

00:15:57.000 --> 00:15:61.000
I remember one time

00:15:57.000 --> 00:15:61.000
the caption said "Thank you."

00:16:01.000 --> 00:16:05.000
I love reading movie reviews.

00:16:05.000 --> 00:16:08.000
quote what people said,

00:16:05.000 --> 00:16:08.000
Sometimes the reviews

00:16:08.000 --> 00:16:13.000
like that man said angrily,

00:16:13.000 --> 00:16:16.000
to "Thank you."

00:16:13.000 --> 00:16:16.000
The captioning shortened it

00:16:16.000 --> 00:16:19.000
I then started noticing

00:16:19.000 --> 00:16:21.000
shorten what the character said

00:16:19.000 --> 00:16:21.000
that the caption will sometimes

00:16:21.000 --> 00:16:22.000
it means the same thing.

00:16:21.000 --> 00:16:22.000
because they felt

00:16:22.000 --> 00:16:24.000
exactly what was said.

00:16:22.000 --> 00:16:24.000
It does not follow

00:16:24.000 --> 00:16:26.000
That's interesting.

00:16:26.000 --> 00:16:29.000
I know it's good quality

00:16:26.000 --> 00:16:29.000
when they add in everything,

00:16:29.000 --> 00:16:32.000
even the non-verbal information.

00:16:32.000 --> 00:16:35.000
It says "Someone is walking by,"

00:16:32.000 --> 00:16:35.000
like someone is there.

00:16:35.000 --> 00:16:38.000
Some captions

00:16:35.000 --> 00:16:38.000
don't give that warning.

00:16:38.000 --> 00:16:41.000
If you can hear, you'll be

00:16:38.000 --> 00:16:41.000
sitting on the edge of your seat,

00:16:41.000 --> 00:16:42.000
but for me,

00:16:41.000 --> 00:16:42.000
knowing something might happen,

00:16:42.000 --> 00:16:45.000
when there is no warning,

00:16:42.000 --> 00:16:45.000
it doesn't impact me the same.

00:16:45.000 --> 00:16:47.000
gives me some kind of warning

00:16:45.000 --> 00:16:47.000
So, I like it when the captioning

00:16:47.000 --> 00:16:49.000
when something is going to happen.

00:16:49.000 --> 00:16:51.000
and they are walking like the dead."

00:16:49.000 --> 00:16:51.000
It's like, "Someone is there

00:16:51.000 --> 00:16:53.000
I like that.

00:16:54.000 --> 00:16:60.000
movies or programs

00:16:54.000 --> 00:16:60.000
Have you noticed any specific

00:17:00.000 --> 00:17:03.000
that tend to have

00:17:00.000 --> 00:17:03.000
poor quality captioning?

00:17:03.000 --> 00:17:05.000
Conversely, have you noticed

00:17:03.000 --> 00:17:05.000
any movies or TV programs

00:17:05.000 --> 00:17:08.000
that have really good quality

00:17:05.000 --> 00:17:08.000
captioning?

00:17:10.000 --> 00:17:21.000
Yes. Often the news is a challenge,

00:17:10.000 --> 00:17:21.000
especially live news reports,

00:17:21.000 --> 00:17:24.000
emergencies,

00:17:21.000 --> 00:17:24.000
or really important messages.

00:17:24.000 --> 00:17:27.000
Sometimes

00:17:24.000 --> 00:17:27.000
they don't have captioning,

00:17:27.000 --> 00:17:31.000
the timing is off,

00:17:27.000 --> 00:17:31.000
or they eliminate information.

00:17:31.000 --> 00:17:33.000
There are misspellings,

00:17:33.000 --> 00:17:35.000
then they go back

00:17:33.000 --> 00:17:35.000
to fix the mistake

00:17:35.000 --> 00:17:37.000
and then move forward

00:17:35.000 --> 00:17:37.000
and try to catch up.

00:17:37.000 --> 00:17:40.000
It's hard to watch and follow that.

00:17:40.000 --> 00:17:44.000
Newscasters talking live,

00:17:44.000 --> 00:17:47.000
sometimes that's a challenge

00:17:44.000 --> 00:17:47.000
with the captioning quality.

00:17:47.000 --> 00:17:55.000
Games, where they put

00:17:47.000 --> 00:17:55.000
the locations of the captions,

00:17:55.000 --> 00:17:59.000
such as covering up the scores

00:17:55.000 --> 00:17:59.000
during the game.

00:17:59.000 --> 00:17:63.000
That's where many hearing people

00:17:59.000 --> 00:17:63.000
get angry about the captions:

00:18:03.000 --> 00:18:08.000
they get mad

00:18:03.000 --> 00:18:08.000
as they can't read the scores.

00:18:08.000 --> 00:18:12.000
Or the players made a special play

00:18:08.000 --> 00:18:12.000
and the captions cover up the action.

00:18:12.000 --> 00:18:14.000
The captions should be moved

00:18:12.000 --> 00:18:14.000
to the right place

00:18:14.000 --> 00:18:16.000
depending what's happening

00:18:14.000 --> 00:18:16.000
in the show.

00:18:18.000 --> 00:18:25.000
For me it's the news,

00:18:18.000 --> 00:18:25.000
like Denise said.

00:18:25.000 --> 00:18:29.000
Also, live events,

00:18:25.000 --> 00:18:29.000
when things happen quickly,

00:18:29.000 --> 00:18:33.000
and they're using

00:18:29.000 --> 00:18:33.000
a live captioner.

00:18:33.000 --> 00:18:35.000
I know they're not a robot,

00:18:35.000 --> 00:18:37.000
I cannot expect everything

00:18:35.000 --> 00:18:37.000
to be 100% or perfect,

00:18:37.000 --> 00:18:39.000
but at times

00:18:37.000 --> 00:18:39.000
they're typing so fast

00:18:39.000 --> 00:18:41.000
and information is missing

00:18:39.000 --> 00:18:41.000
or incorrect.

00:18:41.000 --> 00:18:44.000
When I'm watching a show

00:18:41.000 --> 00:18:44.000
with captions,

00:18:44.000 --> 00:18:47.000
I'm working simultaneously

00:18:44.000 --> 00:18:47.000
to figure out what things mean.

00:18:47.000 --> 00:18:49.000
It says "bruuu."

00:18:47.000 --> 00:18:49.000
What does that mean?

00:18:49.000 --> 00:18:51.000
Oh, it means "but."

00:18:49.000 --> 00:18:51.000
And it doesn't make sense.

00:18:51.000 --> 00:18:54.000
I'm processing overtime

00:18:51.000 --> 00:18:54.000
to figure out what it means.

00:18:54.000 --> 00:18:58.000
One thing that is good...hmmmm.

00:18:58.000 --> 00:18:60.000
Sometimes it's good

00:18:58.000 --> 00:18:60.000
and sometimes it's not.

00:19:00.000 --> 00:19:05.000
When it's pre-recorded

00:19:00.000 --> 00:19:05.000
or scripted before,

00:19:05.000 --> 00:19:07.000
it tends to be good,

00:19:07.000 --> 00:19:12.000
but if it's not a pre-recorded show,

00:19:07.000 --> 00:19:12.000
then it's a struggle.

00:19:16.000 --> 00:19:22.000
I agree with both of you,

00:19:16.000 --> 00:19:22.000
especially live events,

00:19:22.000 --> 00:19:27.000
because I'm looking forward

00:19:22.000 --> 00:19:27.000
to watching the Summer Olympics

00:19:27.000 --> 00:19:31.000
or Winter Olympics.

00:19:27.000 --> 00:19:31.000
I want to see what's up with that.

00:19:31.000 --> 00:19:34.000
Often,

00:19:31.000 --> 00:19:34.000
the captioning does not match.

00:19:34.000 --> 00:19:37.000
So, I don't really enjoy watching

00:19:34.000 --> 00:19:37.000
the Olympics as much anymore

00:19:37.000 --> 00:19:42.000
because it's hard, like Rian said,

00:19:37.000 --> 00:19:42.000
it's hard to get the information

00:19:42.000 --> 00:19:45.000
and simultaneously having to watch

00:19:42.000 --> 00:19:45.000
and figure out what's being said.

00:19:45.000 --> 00:19:47.000
Then people are like, "Oh darn,"

00:19:45.000 --> 00:19:47.000
reacting to the event,

00:19:47.000 --> 00:19:49.000
and I'm like, "Oh darn what?"

00:19:49.000 --> 00:19:51.000
The captions are not yet there.

00:19:51.000 --> 00:19:55.000
One thing that is really good

00:19:51.000 --> 00:19:55.000
are foreign movies.

00:19:55.000 --> 00:19:62.000
They tend to have good captions.

00:19:55.000 --> 00:19:62.000
Foreign movies or documentaries.

00:20:02.000 --> 00:20:03.000
They're good with captioning

00:20:03.000 --> 00:20:07.000
because people take the time

00:20:03.000 --> 00:20:07.000
and commitment,

00:20:07.000 --> 00:20:09.000
they want to make sure

00:20:07.000 --> 00:20:09.000
the information is correct.

00:20:09.000 --> 00:20:12.000
Often with foreign movies

00:20:12.000 --> 00:20:16.000
they know they will get

00:20:12.000 --> 00:20:16.000
a great audience of English people

00:20:16.000 --> 00:20:21.000
so they want to make sure

00:20:16.000 --> 00:20:21.000
their captions are translated well

00:20:21.000 --> 00:20:23.000
into English.

00:20:23.000 --> 00:20:29.000
People take the time and effort

00:20:23.000 --> 00:20:29.000
and work hard

00:20:29.000 --> 00:20:32.000
to make sure that words match,

00:20:32.000 --> 00:20:35.000
that it's a good word

00:20:32.000 --> 00:20:35.000
to match the meaning and concept

00:20:35.000 --> 00:20:38.000
and that it's the same

00:20:35.000 --> 00:20:38.000
in Chinese or English.

00:20:38.000 --> 00:20:41.000
They make sure

00:20:38.000 --> 00:20:41.000
the quality is there.

00:20:41.000 --> 00:20:45.000
That means the people value

00:20:41.000 --> 00:20:45.000
their films and captioning more.

00:20:49.000 --> 00:20:56.000
I remember my first date; 

00:20:49.000 --> 00:20:56.000
we went to the movies.

00:20:56.000 --> 00:20:61.000
I picked a foreign movie because

00:20:56.000 --> 00:20:61.000
it was guaranteed to have captions.

00:21:01.000 --> 00:21:03.000
Once we got there,

00:21:03.000 --> 00:21:05.000
I was relieved to see

00:21:03.000 --> 00:21:05.000
the film did have captions,

00:21:05.000 --> 00:21:07.000
because in the back of my mind

00:21:05.000 --> 00:21:07.000
I was still a bit worried.

00:21:07.000 --> 00:21:09.000
Of course on a first date

00:21:09.000 --> 00:21:11.000
you want to make

00:21:09.000 --> 00:21:11.000
a good first impression!

00:21:11.000 --> 00:21:13.000
I couldn't take her

00:21:11.000 --> 00:21:13.000
to an American film

00:21:13.000 --> 00:21:17.000
because those films

00:21:13.000 --> 00:21:17.000
didn't have captions.

00:21:17.000 --> 00:21:20.000
Like Patrick said,

00:21:20.000 --> 00:21:22.000
with the Summer Olympics

00:21:20.000 --> 00:21:22.000
and Winter Olympics,

00:21:22.000 --> 00:21:25.000
I love watching interviews

00:21:22.000 --> 00:21:25.000
with the athletes

00:21:25.000 --> 00:21:30.000
because I enjoy seeing

00:21:25.000 --> 00:21:30.000
their personal stories.

00:21:30.000 --> 00:21:32.000
Often times because the interviews

00:21:30.000 --> 00:21:32.000
are not planned or scheduled,

00:21:32.000 --> 00:21:36.000
there is no captioning available.

00:21:36.000 --> 00:21:40.000
You know, it's like Rian said,

00:21:36.000 --> 00:21:40.000
the captioning is not done by a robot

00:21:40.000 --> 00:21:43.000
that's ready to add text

00:21:40.000 --> 00:21:43.000
at any moment.

00:21:43.000 --> 00:21:44.000
I often feel disappointed

00:21:44.000 --> 00:21:46.000
that I can't understand

00:21:44.000 --> 00:21:46.000
what they're saying

00:21:46.000 --> 00:21:49.000
because of a lack of captions.

00:21:49.000 --> 00:21:52.000
I later check online to see

00:21:49.000 --> 00:21:52.000
what I missed, but it still means

00:21:52.000 --> 00:21:54.000
that I don't have access

00:21:52.000 --> 00:21:54.000
to that information until later.

00:21:54.000 --> 00:21:60.000
Captions also need to have

00:21:54.000 --> 00:21:60.000
a good background color.

00:22:00.000 --> 00:22:03.000
Like Rian said,

00:22:00.000 --> 00:22:03.000
if it's white captioning

00:22:03.000 --> 00:22:06.000
and a white background,

00:22:03.000 --> 00:22:06.000
it's tough to read.

00:22:06.000 --> 00:22:08.000
For me personally,

00:22:08.000 --> 00:22:12.000
I struggle with yellow text

00:22:08.000 --> 00:22:12.000
or a yellow background.

00:22:12.000 --> 00:22:15.000
with a specific name

00:22:12.000 --> 00:22:15.000
I can't come up

00:22:15.000 --> 00:22:17.000
of a movie or program

00:22:15.000 --> 00:22:17.000
that has good quality.

00:22:17.000 --> 00:22:22.000
I don't know. It really depends

00:22:17.000 --> 00:22:22.000
on the day and the channel.

00:22:24.000 --> 00:22:29.000
How does captioning

00:22:24.000 --> 00:22:29.000
affect your job?

00:22:32.000 --> 00:22:36.000
For my work, I need to keep up 

00:22:32.000 --> 00:22:36.000
with current events

00:22:36.000 --> 00:22:39.000
and know what's happening

00:22:36.000 --> 00:22:39.000
in the world.

00:22:39.000 --> 00:22:41.000
I work with students

00:22:41.000 --> 00:22:43.000
those discussions in class

00:22:41.000 --> 00:22:43.000
and I want to have

00:22:43.000 --> 00:22:46.000
about worldwide events.

00:22:43.000 --> 00:22:46.000
That's nice.

00:22:46.000 --> 00:22:51.000
I didn't read a lot.

00:22:46.000 --> 00:22:51.000
Really, growing up

00:22:51.000 --> 00:22:54.000
I watched a lot of movies

00:22:51.000 --> 00:22:54.000
that were captioned.

00:22:54.000 --> 00:22:56.000
My access to captions helped me

00:22:54.000 --> 00:22:56.000
acquire the English language

00:22:56.000 --> 00:22:58.000
and develop my literacy skills.

00:22:58.000 --> 00:22:62.000
to get to this point in my life.

00:22:58.000 --> 00:22:62.000
Captions really helped me

00:23:02.000 --> 00:23:08.000
Captioning helped me

00:23:02.000 --> 00:23:08.000
understand English, not books.

00:23:08.000 --> 00:23:16.000
Captioning covers so many things

00:23:08.000 --> 00:23:16.000
and touches on so many subjects.

00:23:23.000 --> 00:23:26.000
To add to what Kara said,

00:23:26.000 --> 00:23:31.000
I want to include

00:23:26.000 --> 00:23:31.000
a lot of video tapes in my class.

00:23:31.000 --> 00:23:37.000
If they don't have captioning

00:23:31.000 --> 00:23:37.000
I can't include them.

00:23:38.000 --> 00:23:48.000
Also, I struggle with captions

00:23:38.000 --> 00:23:48.000
being monotone.

00:23:48.000 --> 00:23:54.000
Often, my hearing students

00:23:48.000 --> 00:23:54.000
will say they were fascinated

00:23:54.000 --> 00:23:59.000
with how they said something

00:23:54.000 --> 00:23:59.000
and it made a big impact on them.

00:23:59.000 --> 00:23:64.000
I didn't pick up on that

00:23:59.000 --> 00:23:64.000
from reading the captions.

00:24:04.000 --> 00:24:06.000
I have to watch the captions

00:24:04.000 --> 00:24:06.000
That means

00:24:06.000 --> 00:24:08.000
and the facial expressions

00:24:06.000 --> 00:24:08.000
at the same time.

00:24:08.000 --> 00:24:12.000
I can't catch the voice inflections,

00:24:08.000 --> 00:24:12.000
as captions don't show that.

00:24:12.000 --> 00:24:14.000
I struggle with that.

00:24:14.000 --> 00:24:17.000
Sometimes it's important

00:24:14.000 --> 00:24:17.000
for therapy.

00:24:17.000 --> 00:24:21.000
both hearing and Deaf clients;

00:24:17.000 --> 00:24:21.000
As a psychologist I work with

00:24:21.000 --> 00:24:24.000
is important.

00:24:21.000 --> 00:24:24.000
how they say a sentence

00:24:24.000 --> 00:24:28.000
I can't pick that up

00:24:24.000 --> 00:24:28.000
on a video tape;

00:24:28.000 --> 00:24:30.000
neither do the captions.

00:24:30.000 --> 00:24:32.000
How can I help the students?

00:24:32.000 --> 00:24:35.000
It's a challenge.

00:24:32.000 --> 00:24:35.000
That's where I struggle.

00:24:38.000 --> 00:24:44.000
For me, the way it impacts my work

00:24:38.000 --> 00:24:44.000
as a staff member

00:24:44.000 --> 00:24:47.000
who works to provide access

00:24:44.000 --> 00:24:47.000
to students with disabilities

00:24:47.000 --> 00:24:49.000
is that I have to make sure

00:24:47.000 --> 00:24:49.000
that captioning is available

00:24:49.000 --> 00:24:50.000
on the TVs around campus.

00:24:50.000 --> 00:24:53.000
If not then I will get complaints

00:24:53.000 --> 00:24:56.000
from parents, teachers,

00:24:53.000 --> 00:24:56.000
and students.

00:24:56.000 --> 00:24:59.000
We did get complaints before,

00:24:56.000 --> 00:24:59.000
and it's on us

00:24:59.000 --> 00:24:63.000
to make sure we improve or fix

00:24:59.000 --> 00:24:63.000
that situation.

00:25:03.000 --> 00:25:05.000
Sometimes parents come

00:25:03.000 --> 00:25:05.000
and they say,

00:25:05.000 --> 00:25:07.000
send my kid to this school?"

00:25:07.000 --> 00:25:11.000
Wow, we don't want to hear that.

00:25:11.000 --> 00:25:15.000
So, how does that impact my work?

00:25:15.000 --> 00:25:17.000
I consider it successful

00:25:17.000 --> 00:25:19.000
if we have good captions

00:25:17.000 --> 00:25:19.000
showing around on campus,

00:25:19.000 --> 00:25:21.000
and if not,

00:25:19.000 --> 00:25:21.000
my work is not successful.

00:25:21.000 --> 00:25:26.000
The second thing, for me,

00:25:21.000 --> 00:25:26.000
is that I will have staff meetings

00:25:26.000 --> 00:25:29.000
or discussions with students

00:25:26.000 --> 00:25:29.000
while watching a video.

00:25:29.000 --> 00:25:33.000
If the captioning isn't right

00:25:29.000 --> 00:25:33.000
or is behind,

00:25:33.000 --> 00:25:35.000
then I'm behind in the ability

00:25:33.000 --> 00:25:35.000
to be involved with communication

00:25:35.000 --> 00:25:37.000
and fully understand.

00:25:37.000 --> 00:25:38.000
Captions allow me to be

00:25:37.000 --> 00:25:38.000
fully involved and understand

00:25:38.000 --> 00:25:41.000
and fully participate

00:25:38.000 --> 00:25:41.000
in the discussions.

00:25:41.000 --> 00:25:44.000
Good captioning

00:25:41.000 --> 00:25:44.000
can influence the outcomes

00:25:44.000 --> 00:25:46.000
of what can happen

00:25:44.000 --> 00:25:46.000
and how people perceive me,

00:25:46.000 --> 00:25:48.000
so they don't look at me as

00:25:48.000 --> 00:25:50.000
or "He doesn't understand."

00:25:48.000 --> 00:25:50.000
That can mess up relationships.

00:25:55.000 --> 00:25:59.000
You're right

00:25:55.000 --> 00:25:59.000
and I agree with all of you.

00:25:59.000 --> 00:25:62.000
As an educator

00:25:59.000 --> 00:25:62.000
who works in teacher education,

00:26:02.000 --> 00:26:05.000
I often think about

00:26:02.000 --> 00:26:05.000
what I'm teaching a hearing class,

00:26:05.000 --> 00:26:09.000
and those hearing students

00:26:09.000 --> 00:26:12.000
have to pick videos

00:26:09.000 --> 00:26:12.000
that have captions

00:26:12.000 --> 00:26:15.000
in conversations with them.

00:26:12.000 --> 00:26:15.000
so I can participate

00:26:15.000 --> 00:26:17.000
I can teach them what I know,

00:26:17.000 --> 00:26:21.000
with their future as educators.

00:26:17.000 --> 00:26:21.000
and what I know will help them

00:26:21.000 --> 00:26:25.000
how I can have them see

00:26:21.000 --> 00:26:25.000
Also, I think about

00:26:25.000 --> 00:26:29.000
that are captioned.

00:26:25.000 --> 00:26:29.000
the quality of videos

00:26:29.000 --> 00:26:32.000
the commitment to make captions,

00:26:29.000 --> 00:26:32.000
If people took the time and have

00:26:32.000 --> 00:26:37.000
to be well known in the field.

00:26:32.000 --> 00:26:37.000
obviously they want their content

00:26:37.000 --> 00:26:41.000
I'm teaching future generations

00:26:37.000 --> 00:26:41.000
of teachers of the Deaf.

00:26:42.000 --> 00:26:46.000
of the Deaf can think about

00:26:42.000 --> 00:26:46.000
That means future teachers

00:26:46.000 --> 00:26:50.000
young children's education,

00:26:46.000 --> 00:26:50.000
how captions will impact

00:26:50.000 --> 00:26:53.000
how they can converse

00:26:50.000 --> 00:26:53.000
with each other,

00:26:53.000 --> 00:26:58.000
and how captions can really

00:26:53.000 --> 00:26:58.000
make things clear.

00:26:58.000 --> 00:26:64.000
to look for experts in the field.

00:26:58.000 --> 00:26:64.000
Some things I can teach, but I need

00:27:04.000 --> 00:27:08.000
When experts are interviewed

00:27:04.000 --> 00:27:08.000
and they don't have captions,

00:27:08.000 --> 00:27:10.000
it means some people

00:27:08.000 --> 00:27:10.000
don't get access

00:27:10.000 --> 00:27:12.000
to the information

00:27:10.000 --> 00:27:12.000
from the experts.

00:27:12.000 --> 00:27:21.000
That's why it's so important

00:27:12.000 --> 00:27:21.000
that captions are clear, accurate,

00:27:21.000 --> 00:27:26.000
and accessible for all people.

00:27:29.000 --> 00:27:33.000
Historically, there hasn't been

00:27:29.000 --> 00:27:33.000
a lot of discussion or interviews

00:27:33.000 --> 00:27:35.000
related to Deaf

00:27:33.000 --> 00:27:35.000
and Hard of Hearing people

00:27:35.000 --> 00:27:37.000
and their use of captioning.

00:27:37.000 --> 00:27:41.000
This panel is a great opportunity

00:27:37.000 --> 00:27:41.000
for you to share

00:27:41.000 --> 00:27:44.000
how captioning has impacted

00:27:41.000 --> 00:27:44.000
or guided your life.

00:27:44.000 --> 00:27:46.000
Could you share one point

00:27:46.000 --> 00:27:49.000
about how captions have had

00:27:46.000 --> 00:27:49.000
a profound impact on you?

00:27:51.000 --> 00:27:56.000
I want to say

00:27:51.000 --> 00:27:56.000
that captioning is -- wow --

00:27:56.000 --> 00:27:59.000
very important

00:27:56.000 --> 00:27:59.000
to the Deaf community,

00:27:59.000 --> 00:27:62.000
and in my country, Jamaica,

00:28:02.000 --> 00:28:05.000
between life and death.

00:28:02.000 --> 00:28:05.000
it can mean the difference

00:28:05.000 --> 00:28:08.000
Sometimes they have

00:28:05.000 --> 00:28:08.000
emergency announcements,

00:28:08.000 --> 00:28:11.000
like in the past,

00:28:08.000 --> 00:28:11.000
when there was a hurricane.

00:28:11.000 --> 00:28:14.000
and they were announcing it on TV,

00:28:11.000 --> 00:28:14.000
There was breaking news

00:28:14.000 --> 00:28:16.000
but there were no captions,

00:28:16.000 --> 00:28:18.000
couldn't understand.

00:28:16.000 --> 00:28:18.000
and the Deaf community

00:28:18.000 --> 00:28:20.000
during the hurricane

00:28:18.000 --> 00:28:20.000
They went outside

00:28:20.000 --> 00:28:22.000
and had to run back inside

00:28:20.000 --> 00:28:22.000
because they didn't know.

00:28:22.000 --> 00:28:25.000
There were also times

00:28:22.000 --> 00:28:25.000
when curfews were announced

00:28:25.000 --> 00:28:29.000
because the cops were dealing with

00:28:25.000 --> 00:28:29.000
a certain group of people,

00:28:29.000 --> 00:28:31.000
and Deaf people could end up

00:28:29.000 --> 00:28:31.000
going outside in a war zone

00:28:31.000 --> 00:28:33.000
and get shot at. It's dangerous.

00:28:33.000 --> 00:28:35.000
Captions should always be available,

00:28:33.000 --> 00:28:35.000
and the quality is important,

00:28:35.000 --> 00:28:39.000
because if captions are available

00:28:35.000 --> 00:28:39.000
but the quality isn't good,

00:28:39.000 --> 00:28:42.000
people still don't get

00:28:39.000 --> 00:28:42.000
the information.

00:28:42.000 --> 00:28:45.000
It's important

00:28:42.000 --> 00:28:45.000
if they're providing captions

00:28:45.000 --> 00:28:47.000
to also focus on the quality

00:28:45.000 --> 00:28:47.000
of it as well.

00:28:47.000 --> 00:28:51.000
So I encourage people

00:28:47.000 --> 00:28:51.000
to keep that in mind

00:28:51.000 --> 00:28:54.000
and make it available

00:28:51.000 --> 00:28:54.000
for all people.

00:28:54.000 --> 00:28:56.000
I learned something recently

00:28:56.000 --> 00:28:59.000
who don't need captions

00:28:56.000 --> 00:28:59.000
that even hearing people

00:28:59.000 --> 00:28:62.000
still use the captions

00:28:59.000 --> 00:28:62.000
for their pleasure.

00:29:02.000 --> 00:29:04.000
But for us,

00:29:02.000 --> 00:29:04.000
it is not for pleasure.

00:29:08.000 --> 00:29:12.000
Like Rian said,

00:29:08.000 --> 00:29:12.000
during emergency situations

00:29:12.000 --> 00:29:14.000
it's critical

00:29:12.000 --> 00:29:14.000
to have accurate information.

00:29:14.000 --> 00:29:21.000
As an educator of graduate students

00:29:14.000 --> 00:29:21.000
and future children's upbringing,

00:29:21.000 --> 00:29:26.000
people with English

00:29:21.000 --> 00:29:26.000
as a second language

00:29:26.000 --> 00:29:28.000
benefit from captions.

00:29:28.000 --> 00:29:32.000
Many hearing people benefit from it

00:29:28.000 --> 00:29:32.000
when it's a noisy environment.

00:29:32.000 --> 00:29:36.000
It's important

00:29:32.000 --> 00:29:36.000
to have quality captions

00:29:36.000 --> 00:29:39.000
to have equal access,

00:29:39.000 --> 00:29:42.000
to be as close to accurate

00:29:39.000 --> 00:29:42.000
as possible to be equal access,

00:29:42.000 --> 00:29:44.000
so that we don't miss information.

00:29:44.000 --> 00:29:48.000
We want it to be

00:29:44.000 --> 00:29:48.000
friendly on the eyes,

00:29:48.000 --> 00:29:52.000
not to have too much stress

00:29:52.000 --> 00:29:55.000
as we're constantly processing

00:29:52.000 --> 00:29:55.000
the captions.

00:29:55.000 --> 00:29:56.000
We want to see it at a good pace

00:29:56.000 --> 00:29:59.000
so our brains

00:29:56.000 --> 00:29:59.000
don't have to work so hard

00:29:59.000 --> 00:29:62.000
to figure out

00:29:59.000 --> 00:29:62.000
what the captions mean.

00:30:02.000 --> 00:30:04.000
We want the captions

00:30:02.000 --> 00:30:04.000
to match what's being said.

00:30:04.000 --> 00:30:07.000
We want to enjoy it

00:30:04.000 --> 00:30:07.000
just like hearing people

00:30:07.000 --> 00:30:09.000
with what they hear.

00:30:11.000 --> 00:30:15.000
Really, there has been

00:30:11.000 --> 00:30:15.000
a lot of improvement

00:30:15.000 --> 00:30:17.000
in this field over the years,

00:30:15.000 --> 00:30:17.000
and it keeps getting better.

00:30:17.000 --> 00:30:20.000
In Portland -- I'm not sure if it's

00:30:17.000 --> 00:30:20.000
across the whole state of Oregon,

00:30:20.000 --> 00:30:24.000
but in Portland there is a mandate

00:30:24.000 --> 00:30:27.000
that all TVs in restaurants

00:30:24.000 --> 00:30:27.000
and bars have captions.

00:30:27.000 --> 00:30:30.000
I think that's wonderful.

00:30:27.000 --> 00:30:30.000
It's a good start.

00:30:30.000 --> 00:30:34.000
I hope to see that

00:30:30.000 --> 00:30:34.000
spread to other areas.

00:30:35.000 --> 00:30:38.000
Really, captioning is accessible

00:30:35.000 --> 00:30:38.000
for everyone --

00:30:38.000 --> 00:30:42.000
or at least almost everyone.

00:30:43.000 --> 00:30:47.000
Really, the impact

00:30:43.000 --> 00:30:47.000
is not limited to Deaf people,

00:30:47.000 --> 00:30:50.000
it's really far-reaching.

00:30:54.000 --> 00:30:58.000
I want to recognize what you said,

00:30:54.000 --> 00:30:58.000
Kara, and add to that.

00:30:58.000 --> 00:30:62.000
Captions need to be accessible

00:30:58.000 --> 00:30:62.000
for almost everyone,

00:31:02.000 --> 00:31:08.000
but captions really have

00:31:02.000 --> 00:31:08.000
the ability to impact culture,

00:31:08.000 --> 00:31:14.000
because I know many people

00:31:08.000 --> 00:31:14.000
who enjoy and go to the opera.

00:31:14.000 --> 00:31:19.000
They have captions on the wall

00:31:14.000 --> 00:31:19.000
behind the stage.

00:31:19.000 --> 00:31:22.000
Opera is in Italian.

00:31:19.000 --> 00:31:22.000
When I was little,

00:31:22.000 --> 00:31:26.000
I used to go and watch the Opera

00:31:22.000 --> 00:31:26.000
with my Deaf school.

00:31:26.000 --> 00:31:29.000
We would go watch that

00:31:26.000 --> 00:31:29.000
because it had captions

00:31:29.000 --> 00:31:32.000
and we could enjoy that.

00:31:32.000 --> 00:31:38.000
Recently, in Portland, at a theater

00:31:32.000 --> 00:31:38.000
where you can watch musicals,

00:31:38.000 --> 00:31:41.000
plays, and different events,

00:31:38.000 --> 00:31:41.000
they have captions on the side.

00:31:41.000 --> 00:31:45.000
I'm not really a big fan of that

00:31:45.000 --> 00:31:48.000
because the captions are orange

00:31:45.000 --> 00:31:48.000
and it's hard to see.

00:31:48.000 --> 00:31:50.000
I would prefer it look

00:31:48.000 --> 00:31:50.000
like at the Opera

00:31:50.000 --> 00:31:53.000
and everyone can see it

00:31:50.000 --> 00:31:53.000
and enjoy it.

00:31:53.000 --> 00:31:57.000
My point is that captions

00:31:53.000 --> 00:31:57.000
can influence culture:

00:31:57.000 --> 00:31:64.000
movies, plays, musicals,

00:31:57.000 --> 00:31:64.000
operas, even concerts.

00:32:04.000 --> 00:32:08.000
You know if you go see Madonna

00:32:04.000 --> 00:32:08.000
in concert

00:32:08.000 --> 00:32:13.000
you can have captions

00:32:08.000 --> 00:32:13.000
and feel included with everyone.

00:32:13.000 --> 00:32:17.000
That's American culture to go see

00:32:13.000 --> 00:32:17.000
different entertainment venues

00:32:17.000 --> 00:32:20.000
like the theater and have fun.

00:32:20.000 --> 00:32:25.000
now has it in all restaurants.

00:32:20.000 --> 00:32:25.000
Like you said, Kara, Portland

00:32:25.000 --> 00:32:27.000
You can see Deaf people

00:32:25.000 --> 00:32:27.000
are powerful influences.

00:32:27.000 --> 00:32:30.000
It's nice to see hearing people say,

00:32:30.000 --> 00:32:35.000
to hear what's happening on TV."

00:32:35.000 --> 00:32:37.000
And like you said for emergencies.

00:32:37.000 --> 00:32:40.000
If we're in a restaurant

00:32:37.000 --> 00:32:40.000
in Portland, everyone is involved;

00:32:40.000 --> 00:32:43.000
it doesn't matter

00:32:40.000 --> 00:32:43.000
how loud that restaurant is.

00:32:43.000 --> 00:32:47.000
If there's a hurricane coming,

00:32:43.000 --> 00:32:47.000
everyone knows.

00:32:47.000 --> 00:32:48.000
Or the next earthquake.

00:32:48.000 --> 00:32:52.000
We all can benefit from captions;

00:32:48.000 --> 00:32:52.000
Deaf or hearing, it doesn't matter.

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That's important.